Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be transferred and transformed from one form to another. In this unit we will take a close look at those energy transformations and transfers. To begin we will identify the various kinds of energy transformations that can occur in the real world. Next we will focus specifically on one form of energy -- thermal energy and how it relates to temperature and heat. In the process we will be given a brief explanation of how thermal energy and temperature relate to molecular motion. Then we will examine how thermal energy can be transferred as heat from one place to another through processes we call conduction, convection, and radiation. finally, we will learn about heat capacity and how to calculate the "heat capacity" of a substance using its mass, temperature and a property called "specific heat."
Instruction will primarily be on this blog. The Blog lessons will be supplemented with some direct instruction and reinforced by worksheets, class discussion, and, where ever appropriate, some practice problems.
SPS7: Students will relate transformations and flow of energy within a system.
a. Identify energy transformations within a system
b. Investigate molecular motion as it relates to thermal energy changes in terms of conduction, convection, and radiation.
c. determine the heat capacity of a substance using mass, specific heat, and temperature.
d. explain the flow of energy in phase changes through the use of a phase diagram.
Assignment 1: Energy and Energy Transformation - mini lecture. Click here to view the power point version of the lecture. Afterwords, complete the practice problems on the Energy Transformation worksheet. (Click here to see worksheet)
Click here to recap the Law of Conservation of Energy and Energy Transformations.
Assignment 2: Energy Transformation Project. Click here to for directions.
Assignment 3: Thermal Energy, Temperature, and Heat - mini lecture. Take notes and complete appropriate sections of the Thermal Energy worksheet as you go. (Click here to see worksheet) Click here to view the power point version of the lecture.
Click here to review the definition of TEMPERATURE.
Click here to review the definition of HEAT.
Assignment 4: Heat Transfer -- mini lecture. Take notes and answer appropriate problems in the Thermal Energy worksheet.
Click here for a video version of the lecture on Heat Transfer.
Then watch and take notes on the following video entitled "Heat Transfer."
Assignment 5: Conductors vs. Insulators -- mini lecture. Take notes and answer appropriate problems on the Thermal Energy worksheet.
Click here for a power point version of the lecture.
Click here to see a demonstration of conductors vs. insulators.
Assignment 6: Specific Heat Capacity-- mini-lecture. Take notes. Participate in class discussion. Complete applicable problems on the Thermal Energy worksheet.
Review what you learned about specific heat capacity by watching the following video entitled "Specific Heat Capacity."
Test: Energy transformations, heat and temperature. (covers what we learned about heat, temperature, energy transformations, heat transfer, specific heat, and phase diagrams. Some calculation will be required. Formulas will be provided.)
Wednesday, September 24, 2008
Sunday, September 21, 2008
Unit 9 - Motion of Objects
All matter is acted upon by a variety of forces. Motion results when the forces acting upon an object are unbalanced. In this unit we will examine how all objects in the universe move and obey Newton's Laws of Motion and respond to the universal forces of friction and gravity.
Instruction will be a combination of direct instruction and video lessons supplemented with appropriate worksheets.
SPS8: Students will determine relationships among, force, mass, and motion.
a. Calculate velocity and acceleration.
b. Apply Newton's three laws to everyday situations by explaining the following:
d. Explain the difference between mass and weight.
Specific Assignments:
Assignment 1: Watch the video below entitled "Newton's Laws of Motion" which explains the difference between speed, velocity, acceleration and momentum and how they relate to Newton's Laws of Motion. Complete the worksheet entitled "The Motion of Objects" as you go. Pay particular attention to formulas. (Click here to see worksheet)
Assignment 2: Apply what you have learned about the motion of objects so far to complete the following worksheets. The first is entitled Speed, Velocity, Acceleration and Momentum and the second is What Law is it? (Click here to see worksheet on Speed... and click here to see worksheet on Newton's Laws.)
Assignment 3: All about Gravity -- mini-lecture. Take notes and participate in class discussion.
Click here to view video version of the mini-lecture
Assignment 4: PE (potential energy) v.s. KE (kinetic energy) -- mini - lecture. Take notes and participate in class discussion. Then complete worksheet on PE, KE, and Gravity.
Click here to recap what we learned about PE (Potential Energy)
Click here to review what we learned about KE (Kinetic Energy).
Quiz: Motion of Objects. Will include pertinent vocabulary, knowledge of Newton's Laws of Motion, gravity, and how motion and gravity help define PE (potential energy) and KE (kinetic energy). Formulas will be provided. Simple calculations will be required.
Instruction will be a combination of direct instruction and video lessons supplemented with appropriate worksheets.
SPS8: Students will determine relationships among, force, mass, and motion.
a. Calculate velocity and acceleration.
b. Apply Newton's three laws to everyday situations by explaining the following:
- Inertia
- Relationships between force, mass, and acceleration
- Equal and opposite forces
d. Explain the difference between mass and weight.
Specific Assignments:
Assignment 1: Watch the video below entitled "Newton's Laws of Motion" which explains the difference between speed, velocity, acceleration and momentum and how they relate to Newton's Laws of Motion. Complete the worksheet entitled "The Motion of Objects" as you go. Pay particular attention to formulas. (Click here to see worksheet)
Assignment 2: Apply what you have learned about the motion of objects so far to complete the following worksheets. The first is entitled Speed, Velocity, Acceleration and Momentum and the second is What Law is it? (Click here to see worksheet on Speed... and click here to see worksheet on Newton's Laws.)
Assignment 3: All about Gravity -- mini-lecture. Take notes and participate in class discussion.
Click here to view video version of the mini-lecture
Assignment 4: PE (potential energy) v.s. KE (kinetic energy) -- mini - lecture. Take notes and participate in class discussion. Then complete worksheet on PE, KE, and Gravity.
Click here to recap what we learned about PE (Potential Energy)
Click here to review what we learned about KE (Kinetic Energy).
Quiz: Motion of Objects. Will include pertinent vocabulary, knowledge of Newton's Laws of Motion, gravity, and how motion and gravity help define PE (potential energy) and KE (kinetic energy). Formulas will be provided. Simple calculations will be required.
Sunday, September 14, 2008
Unit 7 - Nuclear Reactions
In previous unit we learned that during a chemical reaction, mass (matter) must be conserved. This week we will study a different type of reaction-- the nuclear reaction -- in which a some of the mass is not conserved but converted into massive amounts of energy. As we study nuclear reactions, we will examine the concept of radioactivity, develop an understanding of radioactive "half-life," and discuss the role of nuclear energy with its practical application and potential problems.
SPS3: Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity.
a. Differentiate among alpha and beta particles and gamma radiation.
b. Differentiate between fission and fusion.
c. Explain the process of half-life as related to radioactive decay.
d. Describe nuclear energy, its practical application as an alternative energy source, and its potential problems.
Instruction will be a mix of direct instruction, class discussion, worksheets, and supporting videos.
Assignment 1: Nuclear Reactions vs. Chemical Reactions - mini-lecture. Take notes and fill-in the table at the top of the Nuclear Reactions worksheet as you. (Click here to see worksheet).
To view power point version of mini-lecture, click here.
Assignment 2: 3 Kinds of Nuclear Reactions - mini-lecture: Radioactive Decay, Fission, and Fusion. Take notes. Fill-in appropriate parts in the Nuclear Reactions worksheet.
To view power point version of mini-lecture, click here.
Watch the following short videos entitled the "3 Kinds of Nuclear Reactions," "Types of Radioactive Decay," Fission and the Chain Reaction" and "Nuclear Fusion" to help summarize what you have learned about nuclear reactions so far.
Assignment 3: Radioactive Half-life -- mini-lecture. Take notes.
Click here for power point version of the lecture.
Watch the following short video that explains how the radioactive half-life of carbon is used to date very old objects.
Assignment 4: Complete practice problems on radioactivity and radioactive half-life. (Click here to see worksheet) Use your notes if necessary. Afterwards, sit down with your instructor and go over the results together.
Quiz: Nuclear Reactions. It will include questions about the three basic types of nuclear reactions, the three kinds of radioactive decay, and radioactive half-life.
SPS3: Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity.
a. Differentiate among alpha and beta particles and gamma radiation.
b. Differentiate between fission and fusion.
c. Explain the process of half-life as related to radioactive decay.
d. Describe nuclear energy, its practical application as an alternative energy source, and its potential problems.
Instruction will be a mix of direct instruction, class discussion, worksheets, and supporting videos.
Assignment 1: Nuclear Reactions vs. Chemical Reactions - mini-lecture. Take notes and fill-in the table at the top of the Nuclear Reactions worksheet as you. (Click here to see worksheet).
To view power point version of mini-lecture, click here.
Assignment 2: 3 Kinds of Nuclear Reactions - mini-lecture: Radioactive Decay, Fission, and Fusion. Take notes. Fill-in appropriate parts in the Nuclear Reactions worksheet.
To view power point version of mini-lecture, click here.
Watch the following short videos entitled the "3 Kinds of Nuclear Reactions," "Types of Radioactive Decay," Fission and the Chain Reaction" and "Nuclear Fusion" to help summarize what you have learned about nuclear reactions so far.
Assignment 3: Radioactive Half-life -- mini-lecture. Take notes.
Click here for power point version of the lecture.
Watch the following short video that explains how the radioactive half-life of carbon is used to date very old objects.
Assignment 4: Complete practice problems on radioactivity and radioactive half-life. (Click here to see worksheet) Use your notes if necessary. Afterwards, sit down with your instructor and go over the results together.
Quiz: Nuclear Reactions. It will include questions about the three basic types of nuclear reactions, the three kinds of radioactive decay, and radioactive half-life.
Monday, September 1, 2008
Unit 10 - Compounds and Chemical Reactions
In an earlier unit we were introduced to the concept of physical change in which substances change form but retain all their physical properties. In contrast, a chemical is a change in matter that produces new substances with different sets of physical properties. On the atomic level, a chemical change is the result of making and breaking of bonds between atoms. In this unit we will take a closer look at chemical changes, which we also refer to as chemical reactions, and see how such reactions obey one of the fundamental laws of the universe - The Law of Conservation of Matter.
SPS2b: Predict formulas for stable binary ionic compounds based on balance of charges.
SPS2c: Use IUPAC nomenclature for transition between chemical names and formulas of
binary ionic compounds and binary covalent compounds.
SPS2d: Demonstrate the Law of conservation of Mass in chemical reactions.
SPS2e: Apply the Law of Conservation of Mass by balancing the following types of chemical equations:
Assignment 1: Mini-lecture: Compounds, Chemical Reactions, and the Law of Conservation of Matter. The lecture will review chemical bonding between atoms, introduce the anatomy of a chemical reaction, and show how we can use the Law of Conservation of Matter to balance chemical reactions. Take notes and fill-in the definitions of the vocabulary works on the Chemical Reactions worksheet as you go. Afterwards, use what you learned to complete worksheet on Balancing Chemical Equations (handout).
(Note): If, you missed the above lecture, or you just want to review what you learned about the chemical reactions and the Law of Conservation of Matter, complete the following lesson in NovaNet listed under:
Intoduction to Chemistry
Atoms and their Properties Pg. 1
Lesson ): Conservation of Atoms
Assignment 2: Mini-lecture: How to predict and name compounds. Take notes. Afterwards, use what you learned to complete worksheet on Predicting and Naming Compounds (handout).
(optional assignment). Get a list of the names polyatomic ions from your instructor (handout). Fill in the worksheet. Next, work in groups of 3-4 to make a set of flash cards, placing the name of each polyatomic ion on one side and its chemical formula on the other side. Use the flashcards to help you study for the unit quiz.
(Note): If you missed the above mini-lecture and activity, or you would just like to review what you learned about naming ionic compounds, complete the following lesson in NovaNet:
Go to: Introduction to Chemistry
04 Properties of Atoms pg. 3
Assignment 3: Mini-lecture: The Rate of Chemical Reactions. Take notes. Observe demonstration of the effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction.
Assignment 4: Mini-lecture: Four kinds of Chemical Reactions. Take notes. Participate in class discussion. Then, as a class, review what you have learned about chemical reactions by watching a short video on chemical reactions. Continue to complete the vocabulary worksheet on Chemical Reactions as you go.
Assignment 5: Mini-lecture: Energy of Activation, Catalysts, and Exothermic vs. Endothermic Reactions. Take notes, especially copy diagrams written on the board.
Unit test (paper): Compounds and Chemical Reactions (includes applying what you learned about predicting and naming compounds, types of chemical reactions, balancing chemical reactions, the effects of catalysts and inhibitors, and being able to recognize an exothermic reaction from an endothermic reaction).
SPS2b: Predict formulas for stable binary ionic compounds based on balance of charges.
SPS2c: Use IUPAC nomenclature for transition between chemical names and formulas of
binary ionic compounds and binary covalent compounds.
SPS2d: Demonstrate the Law of conservation of Mass in chemical reactions.
SPS2e: Apply the Law of Conservation of Mass by balancing the following types of chemical equations:
- synthesis
- decomposition
- single replacement
- double replacement
Assignment 1: Mini-lecture: Compounds, Chemical Reactions, and the Law of Conservation of Matter. The lecture will review chemical bonding between atoms, introduce the anatomy of a chemical reaction, and show how we can use the Law of Conservation of Matter to balance chemical reactions. Take notes and fill-in the definitions of the vocabulary works on the Chemical Reactions worksheet as you go. Afterwards, use what you learned to complete worksheet on Balancing Chemical Equations (handout).
(Note): If, you missed the above lecture, or you just want to review what you learned about the chemical reactions and the Law of Conservation of Matter, complete the following lesson in NovaNet listed under:
Intoduction to Chemistry
Atoms and their Properties Pg. 1
Lesson ): Conservation of Atoms
Assignment 2: Mini-lecture: How to predict and name compounds. Take notes. Afterwards, use what you learned to complete worksheet on Predicting and Naming Compounds (handout).
(optional assignment). Get a list of the names polyatomic ions from your instructor (handout). Fill in the worksheet. Next, work in groups of 3-4 to make a set of flash cards, placing the name of each polyatomic ion on one side and its chemical formula on the other side. Use the flashcards to help you study for the unit quiz.
(Note): If you missed the above mini-lecture and activity, or you would just like to review what you learned about naming ionic compounds, complete the following lesson in NovaNet:
Go to: Introduction to Chemistry
04 Properties of Atoms pg. 3
- Naming Ions and Salts
Assignment 3: Mini-lecture: The Rate of Chemical Reactions. Take notes. Observe demonstration of the effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction.
Assignment 4: Mini-lecture: Four kinds of Chemical Reactions. Take notes. Participate in class discussion. Then, as a class, review what you have learned about chemical reactions by watching a short video on chemical reactions. Continue to complete the vocabulary worksheet on Chemical Reactions as you go.
Assignment 5: Mini-lecture: Energy of Activation, Catalysts, and Exothermic vs. Endothermic Reactions. Take notes, especially copy diagrams written on the board.
Unit test (paper): Compounds and Chemical Reactions (includes applying what you learned about predicting and naming compounds, types of chemical reactions, balancing chemical reactions, the effects of catalysts and inhibitors, and being able to recognize an exothermic reaction from an endothermic reaction).
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